The brother repaired consequences identify 65% of version when you look at the education within decide to try

_gt famous young blonde actors women which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).

In our try there are 676 sisters, of who 302 were ple (while they are from children where one or more girl is actually hitched very early) has actually fathers having notably lower educational attainment, may become Muslim, and they are more likely to inhabit outlying areas

Whenever we explore the latest extent that state and village repaired consequences simply take variations in personal and you may monetary drawback by exploring the power to define version for the educational attainment, we discover that the town fixed effects identify more 30% for the version, a bit more compared to the step three% told me because of the state fixed outcomes. A lot of version was not inside towns.

We basic establish estimations one to manage to possess state*time-revolution FE after which town*time-revolution FE. I next wade a step subsequent because of the presenting overall performance in which we guess sister fixed outcomes models where in actuality the coefficients is actually projected away from evaluations off sisters, one of exactly who got married early together with almost every other whom performed not. That it investigations controls for everybody relatives functions, one another observable and unobservable, knowledgeable from the sisters age.g., family relations records. Which not reduces the fresh new test. This type of results are for this reason best read as actually applicable so you’re able to homes out-of alot more old-fashioned and lower socio-monetary houses. Footnote ten

Finally, ?_ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11

where ChY_ihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (X_ihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHCh_hv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Ch_ihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.